The utilisation of European processed animal proteins as safe, sustainable and circular ingredients for global aquafeeds

The global increase in seafood demand has resulted significant growth aquaculture production a wide range of aquatic species. Consequently, this led to an industry-wide need find sustainable feed ingredients that would meet the nutritional requirements used aquafeeds. associated dependency on plant by-products as major alternatives brought concerns through carbon footprint, deforestation and arable land use demands proteins oils, constraining effects farmed animal health. Animal (ABPs) are produced direct consequence terrestrial meat processing industries. link between feeding bone meal (MBM) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) outbreak Europe during 1980s ban its feeds. This radical overhaul rendering industry, including only low-risk ABP development processes reduce risk prions causes BSE enter food chain. resulting processed (PAPs) considered safe be review examines how changed due outbreak, leading current commercially available PAP products for aquafeed use. We evaluated these can effectively viable protein sources examine their limitations potential advancements could lead more circular system.